Exploring the PIC16F628: An 8-bit CMOS Microcontroller for Embedded Systems

The PIC16F628 microcontroller, housed in a compact 18-pin package, stands out with its 8-bit CMOS architecture, offering significant flexibility. Among its features, 16 pins can be configured for input or output, making it adaptable to a wide array of uses.

Catalog

What is the PIC16F628?

The PIC16F628, a versatile 8-bit microcontroller, showcases CMOS technology with its 18-pin layout and built-in flash memory. With a sophisticated RISC architecture, it significantly enhances processing performance, boosting execution speed and enabling efficient resource use, crucial in embedded systems where resources are limited. A key aspect of the PIC16F628 is its RISC architecture, which simplifies instruction execution by cutting down cycle counts. This design is especially useful in applications demanding precise timing and fast processing. The microcontroller’s effectiveness reduces delays in command execution, which is essential in real-time operations.

The microcontroller is equipped with an eight-level deep stack and intricate interrupt systems for managing both internal and external signals. This ability supports diverse task handling, allowing simultaneous management of multiple high-priority operations. Designers frequently utilize these capabilities in situations requiring rapid responses to events or signals, thereby enhancing system dependability. The PIC16F628 includes a 4 MHz internal oscillator and supports low-voltage programming, aligning with energy-efficient designs. Its 128-byte EEPROM stores crucial data across power cycles. Integrated modules such as Capture/Compare/PWM, USART, and dual comparators enhance adaptability. These elements are crucial for developing communication protocols and managing complex signal processing tasks, broadening its application across various fields.

Comprehensive Insights into PIC16F628 Pin Configuration

Pin Number	Pin Name	Description
1	RA2/AN2/V REF	Bidirectional I/O pin of port A bit 2 or Analog comparator input channel 2 or Analog Voltage Reference output
2	RA3/AN3/CMP1	Bidirectional I/O port or Analog comparator input or Comparator 1 output.
3	RA4/T0CKI/CMP2	Bidirectional I/O pin of port A bit 4 or timer 0 clock input or comparator channel 2 output.
4	RA5/MCLR/ VPP	Input port or Master clear or Programming voltage input. When configured as MCLR, this pin is an active-low Reset to the device, mainly used for Programming or Port A bit 5 Pin.
5	VSS	Power Ground pin.
6	RB0/INT	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 0 or External interrupt pin.
7	RB1/RX/DT	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 1 or USART Recieve pin or synchronous data I/O.
8	RB2/TX/CK	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 2 or USART Transmit pin or synchronous clock I/O.
9	RB3/CCP1	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 3 or Capture compares PWM I/O.
10	RB4/PGM	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 4 or Low voltage Programming pin.
11	RB5	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 5.
12	RB6/T1OSC/T1CKI/PGC	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 6 or Timer1 Oscillator output or Timer1 Clock input or ICSP Programming clock mainly used for Programming purposes.
13	RB7/T1OSI/PGD	Bidirectional I/O pin of port B bit 7 or Timer1 Oscillator input or ICSP Programming data is mainly used for Programming purposes.
14	VDD	Positive Power Pin.
15	RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT	Bidirectional I/O pin of port A bit 6 or Oscillator crystal output or Clock out in RC/INTOSC
16	RA7/OSC1/CLKIN	Bidirectional I/O pin of port A bit 7 or Oscillator crystal input or External Clock input
17	RA0/AN0	Bidirectional I/O pin of port A bit 0 or Analog comparator input channel 0.
18	RA1/AN1	Bidirectional I/O pin of port A bit 1 or Analog comparator input channel 1

CAD Model of PIC16F628

The CAD model of the PIC16F628 microcontroller provides a diverse array of tools essential for the seamless integration into electronic design. This includes symbolic representations, footprint layouts, and 3D visualizations.

PIC16F628 Symbol

PIC16F628 Footprint

PIC16F628 3D Model

Specifications of PIC16F628

The Microchip Technology PIC16F628-20E/P microcontroller impresses with its robust capabilities and diverse applicative potential. Featuring a high-capacity processing unit, it enables smooth handling of numerous embedded tasks. Delving into its specifications provides a richer understanding of how it measures up to its competitors in terms of performance.

Type	Parameter
Factory Lead Time	18 Weeks	Mounting Type	Through Hole
Package / Case	18-DIP (0.300, 7.62mm)	Surface Mount	NO
Number of Pins	18	Number of I/Os	16
ROM(word)	2048	Watchdog Timers	Yes
Operating Temperature	-40°C~125°C TA	Packaging	Tube
Series	PIC® 16F	Published	2003
JESD-609 Code	e3	Pbfree Code	yes
Part Status	Active	Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	Not Applicable
Number of Terminations	18	ECCN Code	EAR99
Terminal Finish	Matte Tin (Sn)	Max Power Dissipation	800mW
Terminal Position	DUAL	Supply Voltage	5V
Terminal Pitch	2.54mm	Frequency	20MHz
Base Part Number	PIC16F628	Pin Count	18
Supply Voltage-Max (Vsup)	5.5V	Supply Voltage-Min (Vsup)	4.5V
Interface	SCI, UART, USART	Memory Size	3.5kB
Oscillator Type	Internal	RAM Size	224 x 8
Voltage - Supply (Vcc/Vdd)	3V~5.5V	uPs/uCs/Peripheral ICs Type	MICROCONTROLLER, RISC
Core Processor	PIC	Peripherals	Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT
Program Memory Type	FLASH	Core Size	8-Bit
Program Memory Size	3.5KB 2K x 14	Connectivity	UART/USART
Supply Current-Max	7mA	Bit Size	8
Access Time	20 μs	Has ADC	NO
DMA Channels	NO	Data Bus Width	8b
PWM Channels	YES	DAC Channels	NO
Number of Timers/Counters	3	EEPROM Size	128 x 8
On Chip Program ROM Width	14	CPU Family	PIC
Radiation Hardening	No	RoHS Status	ROHS3 Compliant
Lead Free	Lead Free

Block Diagram of PIC16F628

Features of PIC16F628

The PIC16F628 microcontroller captures attention with a comprehensive array of features, catering to applications constrained by resource availability or demanding particular performance attributes.

Advanced Data Memory Management

A notable characteristic of the PIC16F628 lies in its robust data memory capabilities. Equipped with sufficient memory, it empowers efficient data processing and storage in embedded systems. Users often explore creative strategies to optimize space, such as prioritizing tasks based on frequency and urgency. This ensures vital processes swiftly access required data, enhancing program execution.

In-Circuit Debugging for Development Efficiency

The in-circuit debugging (ICD) feature offers tangible gains during development. It enables developers to test and debug applications directly within the circuit, significantly reducing problem-solving time and boosting productivity. Real-world experiences highlight how step-by-step analysis in a live environment unveils functional errors not easily spotted during code review, showcasing debugging as a transformative tool in complex circuits.

Versatile Programming Methods

PIC16F628's support for low-voltage programming addresses stringent energy requirements, broadening its application scope. Initiating energy-efficient techniques from the design phase can profoundly enhance long-term project viability. Such an approach not only preserves the project's functional integrity but also reduces operational costs and ecological impacts.

Clock Speed Modification and Internal Oscillation

A low-speed clock mode and 4 MHz internal oscillator add flexibility to manage operational dynamics. Adjusting the clock speed balances power efficiency with performance needs, proving vital in projects with variable standards. Fine-tuning these parameters greatly affects system performance, emphasizing the value of adaptable configurations in dynamic environments.

Enhanced Oscillator and Voltage Reference Options

The programmable Brown-Out Reset (BOR) and Voltage Reference (VREF), along with diverse oscillator settings, distinguish the PIC16F628 further. They offer fine control over system reset conditions and voltage stability, crucial for data integrity in fluctuating conditions. Adjusting these features adeptly aligns with environments requiring precise operations, emerging as essential for achieving efficient and reliable outcomes.

Applications of PIC16F628

The PIC16F628 excels in diverse areas like control applications, analog processing, I/O management, and sensor integration. Its appeal in small-scale, cost-effective embedded systems stems from its ability to address various use cases smoothly. These systems take advantage of its dual-speed oscillation at 4MHz and 48kHz, offering flexibility for different operational demands. Additionally, the device's quick wake-up from Sleep mode improves power efficiency—something highly valued in battery-powered devices.

Control Applications

In control applications, the precision of the PIC16F628's programmable I/O pins shines through. Each of the 16 pins offers independent directional control, permitting precise input and output manipulation. This feature supports applications needing reliable state control, such as automation systems, where steady output is crucial for smooth operations. In such scenarios, its adaptability helps refine operational workflows, reducing latency and enhancing throughput.

Analog Processing

The PIC16F628 stands out in analog processing due to its ability to integrate signal converters, managing various analog inputs with impressive precision for digital processing. This capability is particularly beneficial in setups where accurate analog readings are essential, like industrial sensor networks or environmental monitoring systems. The insights obtained from experience highlight how calibration and circuitry adjustments meaningfully affect data accuracy.

I/O Management and Sensor Integration

The PIC16F628's role in managing vast input and output options proves invaluable. Its expertise in sensor integration allows for smooth interaction with numerous sensors, aiding efficient data gathering and processing. Such sensors often require swift response times and adaptability, which the PIC16F628 achieves through its rapid wake-up feature. In sensor-dense environments demanding immediate processing, it successfully balances performance requirements with resource conservation.

PIC16F628 Alternatives

- PIC16F1503

- PIC12F629

- PIC12F683

- PIC16F505

- PIC12F508

- PIC16F676

- PIC16F72

- PIC16F873A

- PIC16F876A

- PIC16F886

- PIC16F252

How to Program the PIC16F628 CMOS Microcontroller?

Preparation and Components

Before diving into programming, ensure all components are at hand. Consider elements like Zener diodes, resistors, capacitors, and voltage regulators, alongside standard connection interfaces. Thoughtful preparation can streamline your work, offering space for thoughtful exploration and technical creativity.

Essential Tools

Outfit your workspace with reliable soldering equipment and connectivity wiring. A good toolset transforms transitions between tasks into an effortless dance. Precise soldering can illuminate paths to reduced circuit errors, a fact valued by seasoned professionals.

Setting Up the Prototyping Platform

Start by organizing power and signal routing on a Veroboard or similar platform. A deliberately planned layout is like crafting a well-tuned symphony, crucial for minimizing interference and enhancing system reliability. Insights gathered from experienced developers emphasize how thoughtful planning curtails troubleshooting adventures.

Understanding Programming Interfaces

Get acquainted with the specific programming interfaces suitable for the PIC16F628. Selecting an appropriate interface shapes the programming journey. Many practitioners advocate for experimenting with different interfaces to uncover the one that seamlessly aligns with your setup.

Difference Between PIC16F628 and PIC16F628A

Introduction to Communication Interfaces

Microchip Technology's PIC16F628 and PIC16F628A microcontrollers reveal subtle nuances in communication capability. A key difference is their serial communication interface: the PIC16F628 uses a USART, while the PIC16F628A employs an AUSART. This change, though modest, deeply influences data exchange and system integration, intertwining with the human desire for seamless interaction and connectivity.

Impact of AUSART on Communication

Shifting from USART to AUSART boosts communication efficiency. The AUSART, or Asynchronous Synchronous Receiver Transmitter, accommodates both asynchronous and synchronous modes. This versatility empowers various applications, whether in energy-conscious devices or fast-paced data networks, addressing the inherent human pursuit of efficiency and adaptability.

Comparison in Real-World Applications

Use Cases in Diverse Environments

In settings demanding resilient communication, these distinctions significantly influence design decisions. In systems requiring precise timing, AUSART's synchronous qualities add value. Engineers previously working in high-noise settings have noted improved reliability with AUSART, contributing to crafting sturdier systems, aligning with the human desire for overcoming environmental challenges.

Cost-Effectiveness and Development

When evaluating these microcontrollers, project constraints and development demands dictate choice. The PIC16F628 may suit simpler projects prioritizing budget, while the enhanced functionality and reduced debugging time of the 16F628A could justify its cost, informed by insights gained from analogous design hurdles, echoing the human pursuit of balancing resources and innovation.

PIC16F628 Package

The documentation regarding the packaging of the PIC16F628 provides crucial information on dimensions and form factors, facilitating hardware integration. This comprehensive view helps engineers evaluate compatibility across diverse applications, given the common space limitations in design projects.

Manufacturer of PIC16F628

Microchip Technology Inc., based in Chandler, Arizona, stands out for its expertise in microcontrollers and semiconductors. The company thrives on providing dependable support and consistently delivering products that meet the needs of various industries and applications.

Microchip offers a broad range of products, including:

- Microcontrollers

- Analog devices

- Communication solutions

This diversity empowers clients to craft groundbreaking products within automotive, industrial, and consumer electronics sectors. The firm’s dedication to in-depth design resources and active customer collaboration enhances the efficiency of project execution and technology integration.

Parts with Similar Specs

The three parts on the right have similar specifications to Microchip Technology & PIC16F628-20E/P.

Image
Part Number	PIC16F628-20E/P	PIC16F627-20/P	PIC16F627A-I/P	PIC16F648A-I/P
Manufacturer	Microchip Technology	Microchip Technology	Microchip Technology	Microchip Technology
Package / Case	18-DIP (0.300, 7.62mm)	18-DIP (0.300, 7.62mm)	18-DIP (0.300, 7.62mm)	18-DIP (0.300, 7.62mm)
Number of Pins	18	18	18	18
Data Bus Width	8 b	8 b	8 b	8 b
Number of I/O	16	16	16	16
Interface	SCI, UART, USART	SCI, UART, USART	SCI, UART, USART	SCI, UART, USART
Memory Size	3.5 kB	1.8 kB	7 kB	1.8 kB
Supply Voltage	5 V	5 V	5 V	5 V
Peripherals	Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT	Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT	Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT	Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT

Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]

1. How many pins does the PIC16F628 have?

The PIC16F628 is equipped with 18 pins and integrated flash memory, facilitating the development of compact and efficient circuits. In the realm of embedded systems, the pin count significantly impacts the microcontroller's functionality and connectivity options, presenting both unique challenges and opportunities for tailoring circuit design. These considerations often evoke a sense of curiosity and anticipation in designers as they optimize for specific applications.

2. What type of architecture is used in the PIC16F628?

An advanced RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture is employed by the PIC16F628. This architectural strategy enhances processing speeds and execution efficiency, much to the satisfaction of programmers and designers. They find comfort in knowing that it supports complex task execution while maintaining energy conservation and minimizing heat generation, factors that resonate deeply in the context of consumer electronics striving for efficiency and reliability.

3. What does the PIC16F628 microcontroller support?

The microcontroller supports low-voltage programming, which simplifies its integration into energy-efficient systems. This feature becomes particularly appealing during the creation of battery-powered devices, where energy conservation remains a constant priority. Developers find reassurance in the ability to preserve device functionality and mitigate risks associated with power fluctuations, aligning with their dedication to stable and efficient design.

4. How many bytes of EEPROM data memory is the PIC16F628 microcontroller equipped with?

The PIC16F628 contains 128 bytes of EEPROM data memory. This non-volatile memory is instrumental for applications requiring data retention through power cycles, such as data logging or storing user preferences. The reliability in storing and retrieving data empowers devices to evolve into responsive systems attuned to user interactions and environmental contexts, encouraging innovation and adaptability.

5. What is the PIC16F628 microcontroller equipped with?

The microcontroller includes a 4 MHz internal oscillator, crucial for establishing circuit operation timing. This component influences both performance and behavior, reducing reliance on external clock sources. Designers, driven by the twin goals of cost-effectiveness and precision, can streamline circuit design without sacrificing timing accuracy, enhancing both their creative processes and the final product's capabilities.