L297 Datasheet Overview: Simplifying Stepper Motor Control

Nov15

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The L297 stepper motor controller IC enhances precision in modern machinery across automation, manufacturing, and robotics. This article underlines its advanced features like phase chopper control and compatibility with both bipolar and unipolar motors, facilitating meticulous movement control. Learn how the L297 can elevate your projects with its superior performance. Dive into the L297's features and applications to optimize your technological projects.

Catalog

1. L297 Pinout Configuration

2. L297 CAD Model

3. L297 Stepper Motor Controller Details

4. L297 Attributes

5. L297 Schematic Diagram

6. L297 and L298 for Bipolar Stepper Motor Drives

7. Comparable Components in Stepper Motor Control

8. Technical Specifications

9. L297 Packaging

10. L297 Manufacturer

L297

L297 Pinout Configuration

Pin Number	Pin Name	Function
1	SYNC	Synchronizes multiple L297 ICs when controlling multiple motors.
2	GND	Ground connection for the IC.
3	HOME	Indicates the reference (home) position of the motor.
4	A	Input control signal for step sequence (Phase A).
5	B	Input control signal for step sequence (Phase B).
6	C	Input control signal for step sequence (Phase C).
7	D	Input control signal for step sequence (Phase D).
8	INH1	Enable/disable signal for H-bridge controlling one motor phase.
9	INH2	Enable/disable signal for H-bridge controlling another motor phase.
10	ENABLE	Activates or deactivates the motor driver outputs.
11	CONTROL	Selects the mode of operation (half-step or full-step).
12	VS	Supply voltage for the IC.
13	SENS1	Input for sensing motor current through a resistor (Phase 1).
14	SENS2	Input for sensing motor current through a resistor (Phase 2).
15	VREF	Reference voltage for controlling motor winding current.
16	OSC	Oscillator input for setting the step rate.
17	CW/CCW	Sets the motor direction: Clockwise (CW) or Counter-Clockwise (CCW).
18	CLOCK	Step pulse input; each pulse advances the motor by one step.
19	HALF/FULL	Selects the step mode: Half-step or Full-step.
20	RESET	Resets the IC and initializes the step sequence.

L297 CAD Model

L297 Stepper Motor Controller Details

The L297 Stepper Motor Controller IC effectively manages four-phase drive signals for both bipolar and unipolar step motors, enhancing adaptability for microcomputer-based systems. It supports multiple drive modes to facilitate precise motion control and includes on-chip PWM chopper circuits that optimize motor performance by efficiently controlling current and minimizing energy waste. The IC simplifies design by requiring minimal external inputs and eases programming, reducing processor load. Available in DIP20 and SO20 packages, the L297 is compatible with various drivers, allowing for flexible and optimized motor control setups.

L297 Attributes

Feature	Description
Drive Modes	Normal / Wave Drive
Step Modes	Half / Full Step Modes
Direction	Clockwise / Anticlockwise Direction
Load Current Regulation	Switchmode
Load Current	Programmable
External Components	Few Required
Reset Input & Home Output	Yes
Enable Input	Yes

L297 Schematic Diagram

L297 and L298 for Bipolar Stepper Motor Drives

Integrating the L297 and L298 chips creates a powerful solution for driving two-phase bipolar stepper motors with precision and high performance. The L297 manages drive signals and current control, while the L298 ensures robust power output, supporting peak currents up to 2A per phase in constant current mode. This combination leverages dual full-bridge mode to enhance bipolar driving capabilities and optimize motor efficiency, reducing energy loss. Together, these chips significantly boost motor performance and set a new standard for efficiency and reliability.

The diagram below illustrates the wiring configuration for the L297 and L298 drive systems. Control terminals on the L297 are connected to ports P0 and P4, enabling the motor to rotate in the desired direction through the logical coordination provided by the software.

L297 and L298 Schematic Diagram

Terminal 1 of the L297 serves as the synchronization terminal and can be connected to terminal 1 of another L297 and L298 driver set. This configuration allows the two driver circuits to synchronize, enabling simultaneous control of multiple motors.

Synchronising L297s

Comparable Components in Stepper Motor Control

Part Number	L297D	TJA1041T/CM,118	SN751178NSR	SN751177NSR	PCF8584T/2,518
Manufacturer	STMicroelectronics	NXP USA Inc.	Texas Instruments	Texas Instruments	NXP USA Inc.
Package / Case	20-SOIC (0.295, 7.50mm Width)	16-SOIC (0.209, 5.30mm Width)	16-SOIC (0.209, 5.30mm Width)	20-SOIC (0.295, 7.50mm Width)	14-SOIC (0.154, 3.90mm Width)
Number of Pins	20	16	16	-	-
Interface	Parallel	-	-	Parallel	-
Supply Voltage	5 V	5 V	5 V	5 V	5 V
RoHS Status	ROHS3 Compliant	ROHS3 Compliant	ROHS3 Compliant	ROHS3 Compliant	ROHS3 Compliant
Part Status	Active	Active	Active	Active	Active
JESD-609 Code	e4	e4	e4	e4	e4
Terminal Position	DUAL	DUAL	DUAL	DUAL	DUAL

Technical Specifications

Technical specifications of the STMicroelectronics L297D:

Type	Parameter
Lifecycle Status	ACTIVE (Last Updated: 7 months ago)
Factory Lead Time	10 Weeks
Mount	Surface Mount
Mounting Type	Surface Mount
Package / Case	20-SOIC (0.295, 7.50mm Width)
Number of Pins	20
Operating Temperature	-40°C to 150°C (TJ)
Packaging	Tube
JESD-609 Code	e4
Part Status	Active
Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL)	3 (168 Hours)
Number of Terminations	20
ECCN Code	EAR99
Terminal Finish	Nickel/Palladium/Gold (Ni/Pd/Au)
Applications	General Purpose
Voltage - Supply	4.75V to 7V
Terminal Position	DUAL
Terminal Form	GULL WING
Peak Reflow Temperature (°C)	260°C
Supply Voltage	5V
Terminal Pitch	1.27mm
Time @ Peak Reflow Temperature (Max)	30 seconds
Base Part Number	L297
Function	Controller - Commutation, Direction Management
Number of Outputs	4
Output Voltage	3.9V
Operating Supply Voltage	5V
Supply Voltage - Max (Vsup)	7V
Power Supplies	5V
Interface	Parallel
Nominal Supply Current	80mA
Output Configuration	Pre-Driver - Half Bridge (4)
Output Current	10mA
Collector Emitter Voltage (VCEO)	7V
Motor Type	Stepper
Motor Type - Stepper	Bipolar, Unipolar
Step Resolution	1, 1/2
Height	2.35mm
Length	13mm
Width	7.6mm
REACH SVHC	No SVHC
Radiation Hardening	No
RoHS Status	ROHS3 Compliant
Lead Free	Lead Free

L297 Packaging

L297 Manufacturer

STMicroelectronics excels in semiconductor innovation, leveraging advanced System-on-Chip (SoC) technology, efficient manufacturing, and strategic partnerships. Their global presence and strict quality standards ensure reliable, cutting-edge solutions for industries like consumer electronics and automotive, maintaining their leadership in the field.

Datasheet PDF

Frequently Asked Questions [FAQ]

1. What role does the L297 play in motor control?

The L297 controls bipolar and unipolar stepper motors and, when paired with the L298N, forms a complete interface for microprocessor-driven motor control.

2. How can the L298N regulate the speed of a DC motor?

The L298N adjusts motor speed by sending HIGH, LOW, or PWM signals to the enable 1 pin, with speed proportional to the PWM duty cycle.

3. How does the L297 generate stepper motor phase sequences?

The L297 produces phase sequences for wave drive, normal drive, and half-step modes, advancing with CLOCK signals and reversing direction by altering the sequence.